CentOS on Mac#4.WebBench测试TinyHttpd

早有听闻WebBench和TinyHttpd是工程师不得不了解的十大优秀C语言开源项目
出乎我意料的是，两个项目的代目都十分精简约在400行左右，而且稳定性极高，将近十年未更新

任务：
1.编译运行WebBench并了解注释WebBench源代码
2.编译运行TinyHttpd并了解注释TinyHttpd源代码
3.用编译的WebBench测试编译的TinyHttpd

那就先说WebBench咯~

WebBench
源码在此
http://home.tiscali.cz/~cz210552/webbench.html

编译运行
步骤如下
1.在网站上下载源代码
wget http://home.tiscali.cz/~cz210552/distfiles/webbench-1.5.tar.gz

这里写图片描述

2.解压
tar zxvf webbench-1.5.tar.gz
//tinyhttpd同理

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1	cd webbench-1.5

4.make文件

make

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(1)
出现找不到ctags或gcc

yum install ctags

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5.

1	make install

(2)error 1

mkdir -m 644 -p /usr/local/man/man1

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WebBench使用

1	webbench -c 1000 -t 60 http://www.baidu.com/index.html

webbench -c 并发数 -t 运行测试时间 URL

x可以直接输3w或者IP地址
通过ping获取IP地址

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开始测试baidu服务器的抗压性能
注意IP地址跟域名是一样的意思

咱们先试一下100个用户30s测试

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可以看出全都成功了

1000个用户30s测试

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=v=结果如图

100个用户60s测试
这里写图片描述

10%左右的成功率。。

前方高能WebBench400多行的
！！！源码分析！！！！

//socket.c

/* $Id: socket.c 1.1 1995/01/01 07:11:14 cthuang Exp $
 *
 * This module has been modified by Radim Kolar for OS/2 emx
 */
/***********************************************************************
  module:       socket.c
  program:      popclient
  SCCS ID:      @(#)socket.c    1.5  4/1/94
  programmer:   Virginia Tech Computing Center
  compiler:     DEC RISC C compiler (Ultrix 4.1)
  environment:  DEC Ultrix 4.3
  description:  UNIX sockets code.
 ***********************************************************************/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
//连接类型为TCP，使用IPv4网域
 //host为服务器ip，clientPort建立socket连接
int Socket(const char *host, int clientPort)
{
    int sock;
    unsigned long inaddr;
    struct sockaddr_in ad;
    struct hostent *hp;
    memset(&ad, 0, sizeof(ad));
    ad.sin_family = AF_INET;
    inaddr = inet_addr(host);
    if (inaddr != INADDR_NONE)
        memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, &inaddr, sizeof(inaddr));
    else
    {
        hp = gethostbyname(host); //域名获取IP
        if (hp == NULL)
            return -1;
        memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
    }
    ad.sin_port = htons(clientPort);
    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sock < 0)
        return sock;
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ad, sizeof(ad)) < 0)
        return -1;  //出错返回－1
    return sock;   //正常连接，返回socket连接符
}

－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－

//webbench.c

/*
 * (C) Radim Kolar 1997-2004
 * This is free software, see GNU Public License version 2 for
 * details.
 *
 * Simple forking WWW Server benchmark:
 *
 * Usage:
 *   webbench --help
 *
 * Return codes:
 *    0 - sucess
 *    1 - benchmark failed (server is not on-line)
 *    2 - bad param
 *    3 - internal error, fork failed
 *
 */
#include "socket.c"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <rpc/types.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>
/* values */
volatile int timerexpired=0;
int speed=0;
int failed=0;
int bytes=0;
/* globals */
int http10=1; /* 0 - http/0.9, 1 - http/1.0, 2 - http/1.1 */  
/* Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE */
#define METHOD_GET 0
#define METHOD_HEAD 1
#define METHOD_OPTIONS 2
#define METHOD_TRACE 3
#define PROGRAM_VERSION "1.5"
int method=METHOD_GET; //方法
int clients=1;  //并发数
int force=0; //等待服务器应答
int force_reload=0;
int proxyport=80;  //代理服务器端口
char *proxyhost=NULL; //代理服务器地址
int benchtime=30; //运行时间
/* internal */
int mypipe[2];
char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
#define REQUEST_SIZE 2048
char request[REQUEST_SIZE];
//方法选择
static const struct option long_options[]=
{
 {"force",no_argument,&force,1},
 {"reload",no_argument,&force_reload,1},
 {"time",required_argument,NULL,'t'},
 {"help",no_argument,NULL,'?'},
 {"http09",no_argument,NULL,'9'},
 {"http10",no_argument,NULL,'1'},
 {"http11",no_argument,NULL,'2'},
 {"get",no_argument,&method,METHOD_GET},
 {"head",no_argument,&method,METHOD_HEAD},
 {"options",no_argument,&method,METHOD_OPTIONS},
 {"trace",no_argument,&method,METHOD_TRACE},
 {"version",no_argument,NULL,'V'},
 {"proxy",required_argument,NULL,'p'},
 {"clients",required_argument,NULL,'c'},
 {NULL,0,NULL,0}
};
/* prototypes */
static void benchcore(const char* host,const int port, const char *request);
static int bench(void);
static void build_request(const char *url);
static void alarm_handler(int signal)
{
   timerexpired=1;
}
//调用方法
static void usage(void)
{
   fprintf(stderr,
"webbench [option]... URL\n"
"  -f|--force               Don't wait for reply from server.\n"
"  -r|--reload              Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.\n"
"  -t|--time <sec>          Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.\n"
"  -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.\n"
"  -c|--clients <n>         Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.\n"
"  -9|--http09              Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.\n"
"  -1|--http10              Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.\n"
"  -2|--http11              Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.\n"
"  --get                    Use GET request method.\n"
"  --head                   Use HEAD request method.\n"
"  --options                Use OPTIONS request method.\n"
"  --trace                  Use TRACE request method.\n"
"  -?|-h|--help             This information.\n"
"  -V|--version             Display program version.\n"
);
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
 int opt=0;
 int options_index=0;
 char *tmp=NULL;
//错误
 if(argc==1)
 {
 usage();
          return 2;
 }
 while((opt=getopt_long(argc,argv,"912Vfrt:p:c:?h",long_options,&options_index))!=EOF )
 {
  switch(opt)
  { //输入参数
   case  0 : break;
   case 'f': force=1;break;
   case 'r': force_reload=1;break;
   case '9': http10=0;break;
   case '1': http10=1;break;
   case '2': http10=2;break;
   case 'V': printf(PROGRAM_VERSION"\n");exit(0); //输入版本号
   case 't': benchtime=atoi(optarg);break;	     //命令后的参数，atoi字符转换长整型
   case 'p':
    /* proxy server parsing server:port */
    tmp=strrchr(optarg,':');
    proxyhost=optarg; //设定地址
    if(tmp==NULL)
    {
    break;
    }
    if(tmp==optarg)
    {
    fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.\n",optarg);
    return 2;
    }
    if(tmp==optarg+strlen(optarg)-1)
    {
    fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.\n",optarg);
    return 2;
    }
    *tmp='\0';
    proxyport=atoi(tmp+1);break;
   case ':':
   case 'h':
   case '?': usage();return 2;break;
   case 'c': clients=atoi(optarg);break;
  }
 }
 //optind参数下标
 if(optind==argc) {
                      fprintf(stderr,"webbench: Missing URL!\n");
     usage();
     return 2;
                    }
 if(clients==0) clients=1;
 if(benchtime==0) benchtime=60;
 /* Copyright */
 fprintf(stderr,"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PROGRAM_VERSION"\n"
"Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.\n"
);
//optind为URL位置
 build_request(argv[optind]);
 /* print bench info */
 printf("\nBenchmarking: ");
 switch(method)
 {
case METHOD_GET:
default:
printf("GET");break;
case METHOD_OPTIONS:
printf("OPTIONS");break;
case METHOD_HEAD:
printf("HEAD");break;
case METHOD_TRACE:
printf("TRACE");break;
 }
 printf(" %s",argv[optind]);
 switch(http10)
 {
case 0: printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");break;
case 2: printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");break;
 }
 printf("\n");
 if(clients==1) printf("1 client");
 else
   printf("%d clients",clients);
 printf(", running %d sec", benchtime);
 if(force) printf(", early socket close");
 if(proxyhost!=NULL) printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxyhost,proxyport);
 if(force_reload) printf(", forcing reload");
 printf(".\n");
 return bench();
}
//创建URL请求连接
void build_request(const char *url)
{
  char tmp[10];
  int i;
//请求地址和连接清零
  bzero(host,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);
  bzero(request,REQUEST_SIZE);
  if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL && http10<1) http10=1;
  if(method==METHOD_HEAD && http10<1) http10=1;
  if(method==METHOD_OPTIONS && http10<2) http10=2;
  if(method==METHOD_TRACE && http10<2) http10=2;
  switch(method)
  {
 default:
 case METHOD_GET: strcpy(request,"GET");break;
 case METHOD_HEAD: strcpy(request,"HEAD");break;
 case METHOD_OPTIONS: strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");break;
 case METHOD_TRACE: strcpy(request,"TRACE");break;
  }
  strcat(request," ");
  if(NULL==strstr(url,"://"))
  {
 fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: is not a valid URL.\n",url);
 exit(2);
  }
  if(strlen(url)>1500) //太长出错
  {
         fprintf(stderr,"URL is too long.\n");
exit(2);
  }
  if(proxyhost==NULL) //代理服务器为空
  if (0!=strncasecmp("http://",url,7))
  { fprintf(stderr,"\nOnly HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.\n");
             exit(2);
           }
  /* protocol/host delimiter */
  i=strstr(url,"://")-url+3; //i指向有用地址
  /* printf("%d\n",i); */
  if(strchr(url+i,'/')==NULL) {
                                fprintf(stderr,"\nInvalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.\n");
                                exit(2);
                              }
  if(proxyhost==NULL)
  {
   /* get port from hostname */
   if(index(url+i,':')!=NULL &&
      index(url+i,':')<index(url+i,'/'))
   {
  strncpy(host,url+i,strchr(url+i,':')-url-i); //取出主机地址
  bzero(tmp,10);
  strncpy(tmp,index(url+i,':')+1,strchr(url+i,'/')-index(url+i,':')-1);
  /* printf("tmp=%s\n",tmp); */
  proxyport=atoi(tmp);
  if(proxyport==0) proxyport=80;
   } else
   {
     strncpy(host,url+i,strcspn(url+i,"/"));
   }
   // printf("Host=%s\n",host);
   strcat(request+strlen(request),url+i+strcspn(url+i,"/"));
  } else
  {
   // printf("ProxyHost=%s\nProxyPort=%d\n",proxyhost,proxyport);
   strcat(request,url);
  }
  if(http10==1)
 strcat(request," HTTP/1.0");
  else if (http10==2)
 strcat(request," HTTP/1.1");
  strcat(request,"\r\n");
  if(http10>0)
 strcat(request,"User-Agent: WebBench "PROGRAM_VERSION"\r\n");
  if(proxyhost==NULL && http10>0)
  {
 strcat(request,"Host: ");
 strcat(request,host);
 strcat(request,"\r\n");
  }
  if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL)
  {
 strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache\r\n");
  }
  if(http10>1)
 strcat(request,"Connection: close\r\n");
  /* add empty line at end */
  if(http10>0) strcat(request,"\r\n");
  // printf("Req=%s\n",request);
}
/* vraci system rc error kod */
//创建管道和子进程，进行测试
static int bench(void)
{
  int i,j,k;
  pid_t pid=0;
  FILE *f;
  /* check avaibility of target server */
  i=Socket(proxyhost==NULL?host:proxyhost,proxyport);
  if(i<0) {
  fprintf(stderr,"\nConnect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.\n");
           return 1;
         }
  close(i);
  /* create pipe */
  if(pipe(mypipe))
  {
 perror("pipe failed.");
 return 3;
  }
  /* not needed, since we have alarm() in childrens */
  /* wait 4 next system clock tick */
  /*
  cas=time(NULL);
  while(time(NULL)==cas)
        sched_yield();
  */
  /* fork childs */
  for(i=0;i<clients;i++)
  {
  pid=fork();
  if(pid <= (pid_t) 0)
  {
  /* child process or error*/
          sleep(1); /* make childs faster */
  break;
  }
  }
  if( pid< (pid_t) 0)
  {
          fprintf(stderr,"problems forking worker no. %d\n",i);
 perror("fork failed.");
 return 3;
  }
  if(pid== (pid_t) 0)
  {
    /* I am a child */
    if(proxyhost==NULL)
      benchcore(host,proxyport,request);
         else
      benchcore(proxyhost,proxyport,request);
         /* write results to pipe */
f=fdopen(mypipe[1],"w");
if(f==NULL)
{
perror("open pipe for writing failed.");
return 3;
}
/* fprintf(stderr,"Child - %d %d\n",speed,failed); */
fprintf(f,"%d %d %d\n",speed,failed,bytes); //把每个子进程放到管道
fclose(f);
return 0;
  } else
  {
 f=fdopen(mypipe[0],"r");
 if(f==NULL)
 {
 perror("open pipe for reading failed.");
 return 3;
 }
 setvbuf(f,NULL,_IONBF,0);
 speed=0;
          failed=0;
          bytes=0;
 while(1)
//父进程读取管道数据，并做加法
 {
 pid=fscanf(f,"%d %d %d",&i,&j,&k);
 if(pid<2)
                  {
                       fprintf(stderr,"Some of our childrens died.\n");
                       break;
                  }
 speed+=i;
 failed+=j;
 bytes+=k;
 /* fprintf(stderr,"*Knock* %d %d read=%d\n",speed,failed,pid); */
 if(--clients==0) break;
 }
 fclose(f);
//输出结果
  printf("\nSpeed=%d pages/min, %d bytes/sec.\nRequests: %d susceed, %d failed.\n",
 (int)((speed+failed)/(benchtime/60.0f)),
 (int)(bytes/(float)benchtime),
 speed,
 failed);
  }
  return i;
}
void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req)
{
 int rlen;
 char buf[1500];
 int s,i;
 struct sigaction sa;
 /* setup alarm signal handler */
 sa.sa_handler=alarm_handler; //定时器方法
 sa.sa_flags=0;
 if(sigaction(SIGALRM,&sa,NULL))
    exit(3);
 alarm(benchtime);
 rlen=strlen(req);
 nexttry:while(1)
 {
    if(timer expired)//超时
    {
       if(failed>0)
       {
          /* fprintf(stderr,"Correcting failed by signal\n"); */
          failed--;
       }
       return;
    }
    s=Socket(host,port);      //创建链接                    
    if(s<0) { failed++;continue;} //连接失败
    if(rlen!=write(s,req,rlen)) {failed++;close(s);continue;}
    if(http10==0)
   if(shutdown(s,1)) { failed++;close(s);continue;}//发送失败
    if(force==0) //读取http请求数据
    {
            /* read all available data from socket */
   while(1)
   {
              if(timerexpired) break;
     i=read(s,buf,1500);
              /* fprintf(stderr,"%d\n",i); */
     if(i<0)
              {
                 failed++;
                 close(s);
                 goto nexttry;
              }
      else
      if(i==0) break;
      else
      bytes+=i;
   }
    }
    if(close(s)) {failed++;continue;}
    speed++; //测试成功
 }
}

参考
http://www.cnblogs.com/xuning/p/3888699.html

接下来说一说TinyHttpd~

TinyHttpd
https://sourceforge.net/projects/tinyhttpd/files/latest/download

源码在此 tinyhttpd-0.1.0.tar.gz

编译运行
步骤如下
1.在网站上下载源代码

wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/tinyhttpd/tinyhttpd%20source/tinyhttpd%200.1.0/tinyhttpd-0.1.0.tar.gz

这里写图片描述

2.解压

1	tar zxvf tinyhttpd-0.1.0.tar.gz

这里写图片描述

1	cd tinyhttpd-0.1.0

4.make文件

make

高能出现错误！

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原因分析！

TinyHttpd本来是在solaris上实现的，在socket和pthread的实现上和一般的Linux不一样。httpd.c开始的英文注释做出了对程序修改的详细指引

故（1）修改httpd.c根据开头注释

httpd.c
/* J. David's webserver */
/* This is a simple webserver.
 * Created November 1999 by J. David Blackstone.
 * CSE 4344 (Network concepts), Prof. Zeigler
 * University of Texas at Arlington
 */
/* This program compiles for Sparc Solaris 2.6.
 * To compile for Linux:
 *  1) Comment out the #include <pthread.h> line.
 *  2) Comment out the line that defines the variable newthread.
 *  3) Comment out the two lines that run pthread_create().
 *  4) Uncomment the line that runs accept_request().
 *  5) Remove -lsocket from the Makefile.
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define ISspace(x) isspace((int)(x))
#define SERVER_STRING "Server: jdbhttpd/0.1.0\r\n"
void *accept_request(void *);
void bad_request(int);
void cat(int, FILE *);
void cannot_execute(int);
void error_die(const char *);
void execute_cgi(int, const char *, const char *, const char *);
int get_line(int, char *, int);
void headers(int, const char *);
void not_found(int);
void serve_file(int, const char *);
int startup(u_short *);
void unimplemented(int);
/**********************************************************************/
/* A request has caused a call to accept() on the server port to
 * return.  Process the request appropriately.
 * Parameters: the socket connected to the client */
/**********************************************************************/
void *accept_request(void * tclient)
{
 int client = *(int *)tclient;
 char buf[1024];
 int numchars;
 char method[255];
 char url[255];
 char path[512];
 size_t i, j;
 struct stat st;
 int cgi = 0;      /* becomes true if server decides this is a CGI
                    * program */
 char *query_string = NULL;
//得到请求第一行
 numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
 i = 0; j = 0;
//客户端请求方法存到数组
 while (!ISspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(method) - 1))
 {
  method[i] = buf[j];
  i++; j++;
 }
 method[i] = '\0';
 if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") && strcasecmp(method, "POST"))
 {
  unimplemented(client);
  return NULL;
 }//出错
//post开启cgi
 if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0)
  cgi = 1;
//读取url地址
 i = 0;
 while (ISspace(buf[j]) && (j < sizeof(buf)))
  j++;
 while (!ISspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(url) - 1) && (j < sizeof(buf)))
 {
  url[i] = buf[j];
  i++; j++;
 }
 url[i] = '\0';
 if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0)
 {//待处理请求为url
  query_string = url;
  while ((*query_string != '?') && (*query_string != '\0'))
   query_string++;
  if (*query_string == '?')
  {
   cgi = 1;
   *query_string = '\0';
   query_string++;
  }
 }
//格式化url到path数组
 sprintf(path, "htdocs%s", url);
 if (path[strlen(path) - 1] == '/')
  strcat(path, "index.html”); //默认
 if (stat(path, &st) == -1) { //路径找文件
  while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf))  /* read & discard headers */
   numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
  not_found(client); //找不到
 }
 else
 {//目录 默认index
  if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
   strcat(path, "/index.html");
  if ((st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) ||
      (st.st_mode & S_IXGRP) ||
      (st.st_mode & S_IXOTH)    )
   cgi = 1;
  if (!cgi) //非cgi，返回服务器文件
   serve_file(client, path);
  else
   execute_cgi(client, path, method, query_string);
 }
//断开
 close(client);
 return NULL;
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Inform the client that a request it has made has a problem.
 * Parameters: client socket */
/**********************************************************************/
void bad_request(int client)
{
 char buf[1024];
//错误请求
 sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 400 BAD REQUEST\r\n");
 send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n");
 send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
 send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "<P>Your browser sent a bad request, ");
 send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "such as a POST without a Content-Length.\r\n");
 send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Put the entire contents of a file out on a socket.  This function
 * is named after the UNIX "cat" command, because it might have been
 * easier just to do something like pipe, fork, and exec("cat").
 * Parameters: the client socket descriptor
 *             FILE pointer for the file to cat */
/**********************************************************************/
void cat(int client, FILE *resource)
{
 char buf[1024];
//读数据到socket
 fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
 while (!feof(resource))
 {
  send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
  fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
 }
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Inform the client that a CGI script could not be executed.
 * Parameter: the client socket descriptor. */
/**********************************************************************/
void cannot_execute(int client)
{
 char buf[1024];
//无法执行
 sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "<P>Error prohibited CGI execution.\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Print out an error message with perror() (for system errors; based
 * on value of errno, which indicates system call errors) and exit the
 * program indicating an error. */
/**********************************************************************/
void error_die(const char *sc)
{
 perror(sc);
 exit(1);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Execute a CGI script.  Will need to set environment variables as
 * appropriate.
 * Parameters: client socket descriptor
 *             path to the CGI script */
/**********************************************************************/
void execute_cgi(int client, const char *path,
                 const char *method, const char *query_string)
{
 char buf[1024];
 int cgi_output[2];
 int cgi_input[2];
 pid_t pid;
 int status;
 int i;
 char c;
 int numchars = 1;
 int content_length = -1;
//所有http首部读取丢弃
 buf[0] = 'A'; buf[1] = '\0';
 if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0)
  while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf))  /* read & discard headers */
   numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
 else    /* POST */
 {//在post的http请求中找出cotent_length
  numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
  while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf))
  {
   buf[15] = '\0';
   if (strcasecmp(buf, "Content-Length:") == 0)
    content_length = atoi(&(buf[16]));
   numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
  }//没找到
  if (content_length == -1) {
   bad_request(client);
   return;
  }
 }
//http状态码200
 sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
//建立管道，错误
 if (pipe(cgi_output) < 0) {
  cannot_execute(client);
  return;
 }
 if (pipe(cgi_input) < 0) {
  cannot_execute(client);
  return;
 }
 if ( (pid = fork()) < 0 ) {
  cannot_execute(client);
  return;
 }
 if (pid == 0)  /* child: CGI script */
 {
  char meth_env[255];
  char query_env[255];
  char length_env[255];
//把stdout重定向到写入端
  dup2(cgi_output[1], 1);
//stdin同理
  dup2(cgi_input[0], 0);
  close(cgi_output[0]);
  close(cgi_input[1]);
//设置环境变量
  sprintf(meth_env, "REQUEST_METHOD=%s", method);
  putenv(meth_env);
  if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0) {
//设置环境变量
   sprintf(query_env, "QUERY_STRING=%s", query_string);
   putenv(query_env);
  }
  else {   /* POST */
   sprintf(length_env, "CONTENT_LENGTH=%d", content_length);
   putenv(length_env);
  }
//运行cgi程序
  execl(path, path, NULL);
  exit(0);
 } else {    /* parent */
  close(cgi_output[1]);
  close(cgi_input[0]);
  if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0)
//接收post数据
   for (i = 0; i < content_length; i++) {
    recv(client, &c, 1, 0);
//把post数据写入
    write(cgi_input[1], &c, 1);
   }//读取管道输出到客户端
  while (read(cgi_output[0], &c, 1) > 0)
   send(client, &c, 1, 0);
  close(cgi_output[0]);
  close(cgi_input[1]);
//等待子程序
  waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
 }
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Get a line from a socket, whether the line ends in a newline,
 * carriage return, or a CRLF combination.  Terminates the string read
 * with a null character.  If no newline indicator is found before the
 * end of the buffer, the string is terminated with a null.  If any of
 * the above three line terminators is read, the last character of the
 * string will be a linefeed and the string will be terminated with a
 * null character.
 * Parameters: the socket descriptor
 *             the buffer to save the data in
 *             the size of the buffer
 * Returns: the number of bytes stored (excluding null) */
/**********************************************************************/
int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size)
{
 int i = 0;
 char c = '\0';
 int n;
//标准化buf数组
 while ((i < size - 1) && (c != '\n'))
 {
  n = recv(sock, &c, 1, 0);
  /* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */
  if (n > 0)
  {//继续接受
   if (c == '\r')
   {//接收窗口不划动
    n = recv(sock, &c, 1, MSG_PEEK);
    /* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */
    if ((n > 0) && (c == '\n'))
     recv(sock, &c, 1, 0);//吸收换行符
    else
     c = '\n';
   }
   buf[i] = c;
   i++;
  }
  else
   c = '\n';
 }
 buf[i] = '\0';
 return(i);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Return the informational HTTP headers about a file. */
/* Parameters: the socket to print the headers on
 *             the name of the file */
/**********************************************************************/
void headers(int client, const char *filename)
{//正常http首部
 char buf[1024];
 (void)filename;  /* could use filename to determine file type */
 strcpy(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
//服务器信息
 strcpy(buf, SERVER_STRING);
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 strcpy(buf, "\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Give a client a 404 not found status message. */
/**********************************************************************/
void not_found(int client)
{
 char buf[1024];
 sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "<HTML><TITLE>Not Found</TITLE>\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "<BODY><P>The server could not fulfill\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "your request because the resource specified\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "is unavailable or nonexistent.\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "</BODY></HTML>\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Send a regular file to the client.  Use headers, and report
 * errors to client if they occur.
 * Parameters: a pointer to a file structure produced from the socket
 *              file descriptor
 *             the name of the file to serve */
/**********************************************************************/
void serve_file(int client, const char *filename)
{
 FILE *resource = NULL;
 int numchars = 1;
 char buf[1024];
//读取丢弃header
 buf[0] = 'A'; buf[1] = '\0';
 while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf))  /* read & discard headers */
  numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
//打开文件
 resource = fopen(filename, "r");
 if (resource == NULL)
  not_found(client);
 else
 {//写首部，复制文件
  headers(client, filename);
  cat(client, resource);
 }
 fclose(resource);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* This function starts the process of listening for web connections
 * on a specified port.  If the port is 0, then dynamically allocate a
 * port and modify the original port variable to reflect the actual
 * port.
 * Parameters: pointer to variable containing the port to connect on
 * Returns: the socket */
/**********************************************************************/
int startup(u_short *port)
{
 int httpd = 0;
 struct sockaddr_in name;
//建立socket
 httpd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
 if (httpd == -1)
  error_die("socket");
 memset(&name, 0, sizeof(name));
 name.sin_family = AF_INET;
 name.sin_port = htons(*port);
 name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
 if (bind(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, sizeof(name)) < 0)
  error_die("bind”);
//动态随机分配
 if (*port == 0)  /* if dynamically allocating a port */
 {
  socklen_t namelen = sizeof(name);
  if (getsockname(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, &namelen) == -1)
   error_die("getsockname");
  *port = ntohs(name.sin_port);
 }
//开始监听
 if (listen(httpd, 5) < 0)
  error_die("listen");
 return(httpd);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Inform the client that the requested web method has not been
 * implemented.
 * Parameter: the client socket */
/**********************************************************************/
void unimplemented(int client)
{//method不被支持
 char buf[1024];
 sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 501 Method Not Implemented\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Method Not Implemented\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "</TITLE></HEAD>\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "<BODY><P>HTTP request method not supported.\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "</BODY></HTML>\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
int main(void)
{
 int server_sock = -1;
 u_short port = 0;
 int client_sock = -1;
 struct sockaddr_in client_name;
 socklen_t client_name_len = sizeof(client_name);
 pthread_t newthread;
//建立httpd服务
 server_sock = startup(&port);
 printf("httpd running on port %d\n", port);
 while (1)
 {//收到客户端链接请求
  client_sock = accept(server_sock,
                       (struct sockaddr *)&client_name,
                       &client_name_len);
  if (client_sock == -1)
   error_die("accept");
 /* accept_request(client_sock); */
 if (pthread_create(&newthread , NULL, accept_request, (void *)&client_sock) != 0)
   perror("pthread_create");
 }
 close(server_sock);
 return(0);
}

(2)在makefile文件中改为

1	gcc -W -Wall -o httpd httpd.c -lpthread

make完结果

这里写图片描述

TinyHttpd使用
1.运行应用

./httpd

这里写图片描述

得到端口号为52870

2.在浏览器firefox中输入地址

1	http://localhost:52870

这里写图片描述

TinyHttpd源码分析

1.函数功能如下

accept_request:  处理从套接字上监听到的一个 HTTP 请求，在这里可以很大一部分地体现服务器处理请求流程。

bad_request: 返回给客户端这是个错误请求，HTTP 状态吗 400 BAD REQUEST.

cat: 读取服务器上某个文件写到 socket 套接字。

cannot_execute: 主要处理发生在执行 cgi 程序时出现的错误。

error_die: 把错误信息写到 perror 并退出。

execute_cgi: 运行 cgi 程序的处理，也是个主要函数。

get_line: 读取套接字的一行，把回车换行等情况都统一为换行符结束。

headers: 把 HTTP 响应的头部写到套接字。

not_found: 主要处理找不到请求的文件时的情况。

sever_file: 调用 cat 把服务器文件返回给浏览器。

startup: 初始化 httpd 服务，包括建立套接字，绑定端口，进行监听等。

unimplemented: 返回给浏览器表明收到的 HTTP 请求所用的 method 不被支持。

2.注释详细如上

[综合]WebBench测试TinyHttpd
基本如上
1.用TinyHttpd小型web服务器
这里写图片描述

2.用WebBench对地址进行测试
这里写图片描述

出现错误

全部failed且TinyHttpd自动断开

开始以为并发数的问题，减小后并未改善

这里写图片描述

网上查阅资料后

解决方法

（1）原因

因为WebBench在一次访问完之后就断掉了，但是TinyHttpd要分次把一个网页的内容发送给WebBench，所以第一次发的时候是成功的，第二次就失败了。而且TinyHttpd在send的时候没有异常判断和处理，所以程序卡死

（2）解决
httpd.c的unimplemented中将后面的14行代码发送注释掉

void unimplemented(int client)
{
 char buf[1024];
 sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 501 Method Not Implemented\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 /*sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Method Not Implemented\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "</TITLE></HEAD>\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "<BODY><P>HTTP request method not supported.\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
 sprintf(buf, "</BODY></HTML>\r\n");
 send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);*/
}

3.make重新编译

4.运行

./httpd

运行结果全部成功

这里写图片描述

[总结]
小小的预告！
下一篇会详细解释最后最综合的网络实验，从一开始搜bing到有时候科学上网google，再到后面看cnblog、csdn找到有用的答案或错误分享解决方案，到逐渐从github找到大神。

结论：最make sense的还是开发者的README.md，自己编的程序自己最清楚嘛，次之是github的大神或者stackflow。对英文有一定要求。至于bing、google搜出来的答案当然也会有用的但是鱼龙混杂，能找到有帮助但却浪费了一定时间。